Studies on polymeric conservation treatments of ceramic tiles. Alkoxysilanes were introduced in the 1980s as sealers and consolidants for concrete and sandstones. Conservation of historic stone buildings and monuments. The case study of a sculptural monument at forest lawn cemetery by jason church on mar 01, 2009.
Pdf recent advance in alkoxysilanebased consolidants for stone. However, a wellknown drawback of the materials obtained by this process is their tendency to crack during drying inside the pores of the treated stone. Consolidation of stone objects with expoxy resins introduction the process involved in the ageing of stone objects are weil known and of course may be chemical, physical or biological in nature. External surfaces of stones used in historic buildings often carry high artistic value and need to be preserved from the damages of time, especially from the detrimental effects of the weathering. The case study of a sculptural monument at forest lawn cemetery by jason church on mar 01, 2009 in cemetery conservation, materials conservation. Read download gels in the conservation of art pdf pdf download. Silicic acid esters have been used as stone consolidants for 50 years now. Relatively to the consolidation efficacy, the drilling profile of the stone treated with 2hdga sol showed a quite uniform shape along the stone depth, without important heterogeneities fig. Protection and consolidation of stone heritage by self. Jan 15, 2015 ethyl silicate teos is nowadays the most widely used consolidant for stone, due to its efficacy on silicate stones and also on limestones containing small amounts of quartz.
Alkoxysilanes consolidation of stone and earthen building materials. If you have a router attached to your modem, unplug power on both then plug your modem first and wait 1 min. The silane solution penetrates well into the pores of the stone and deposits a nonlinear glasslike matrix of silicon dioxide. Efficiency of nontin catalysts for accelerating the crosslinking of one and twocomponent silanol. Full text of alkoxysilanes consolidation of stone and earthen building materials see other formats. Silanization is the covering of a surface with organofunctional alkoxysilane molecules. Examples of alkoxysilanes are polydimethylloxysiloxane often used in sol gels, methyltrimethoxysilane. Despise all these positives, the use of alkoxysilanes brings also some drawbacks. The conservation of such historic and culturally significant stone artworks typically involves the in situ protection andor consolidation of damaged stones, commonly by applying organic polymers, alkoxysilanes, or inorganic materials, which bind loose grains andor fill cracks 2, 6. Unfortunately, this book cant be printed from the openbook. Because of an increasingworldwideinterest in preserving historicstructures andan apparentacceleration inthe. The conservation of such historic and culturally significant stone artworks typically involves the in situ protection andor consolidation of damaged stones. Figure 3silanol formation, hydrolysis of alkoxysilanes.
Alkoxysilanes and the consolidation of stone getty publications. Consolidation of weathered stone elements constitutes one of the most critical actions in the conservation field. Challenges of alkoxysilanebased consolidants for carbonate. Several authors have suggested that a stone consolidant should penetrate to such a depth that all the deteriorated zone is solidified and attached to the unweathered sound core of the stone. In this article, we present an overview of our current research centred on producing crack free solgel materials for consolidating and protecting building stone. Read conservation of historic stone buildings and monuments. The papers in this publication will be talks at the 3 day gels in conservation conference held by iap in association with tate. Alkoxysilanes consolidation of stone and earthen building materials by. Alkoxysilanes and the consolidation of stone george. The use of silicon compounds as transmetalation reagents has attracted much attention as a viable alternative to the popular stille and suzuki coupling reactions, mainly due to the formation of nontoxic byproducts and the stability of the reagents to many reaction conditions.
Alkoxysilane definition is a silane compound with an alkoxy radical sometimes used as a sealant on concrete structures. Read download gels in the conservation of art pdf pdf. Silane a functional monomeric sicompound with 4 chemical attachments. Proceedings of the international symposium on stone consolidation in cultural heritage research and practice. The effect of the pretreatment with the functional alkoxysilanes was compared with teos based solution including the commercial products such as wacker oh 100. The gel of the silicic acid esters, which is responsible for the consolidation, cracks and decays. The consolidation of stones with alkoxysilane has some disadvantages as the variation in composition and structure of stones may modify consolidant stone interaction. New systems have been explored in recent years, through the application of the nanomaterial science in the stone conservation field. In this article, we present an overview of our current research centred on producing crack free solgel materials for. Alkoxysilanes and the consolidation of stone by george wheeler. Jan 23, 2018 ferreira pinto ap, delgado rodrigues j. These resins, therefore, offer the possibility of solidifying stone objects without the formation of surface layers or skins. Siliconbased coupling reactions can be carried out using aryl, heteroaryl, or alkenyl halides and alkoxysilanes in the. During this time they became the most popular consolidants for building materials, mainly thanks to their good properties during application.
Alkoxysilane definition of alkoxysilane by merriamwebster. Some of the worlds oldest artifacts are made of stone. Commercial alkoxysilanebased consolidants are typically composed of tetraethoxysilane teos. Products based on alkoxysilanes have been popular choices as stone consolidants, being especially attractive to treat siliceous stones. Alkoxysilanes and the consolidation of stone getty. New nanomaterials for protecting and consolidating stone. The low viscosity makes it easy for alkoxysilanes to penetrate the stone pores to achieve the consolidation of the stone. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a pdf. The conference will be a gathering of conservators, conservation and other scientists, and students of conservation to present and discuss the theory and practical use of gels in various branches of conservation paintings, paper, wall paintings, textiles, museum. A maintenance free stone tile is provided in which a super hard coating film having a pencil hardness corresponding to 12h or more preferably to 12 to 15h is used to produce a finish having a deep material feeling and a high quality, and glossiness of 80 or more, and be further able of keeping the coating layer good in water resistance, antifouling property, slipperiness, adhesiveness and no.
Pdf new nanomaterials for protecting and consolidating stone. The use of alkoxysilanes in the conservation of stone can be traced as far back as 1861, when a. B72 acrylic resinmethyltrimethoxysilane ymtmos mixtures are frequently employed as consolidants for deteriorated limestones, sandstones and marbles the addition of b72 to mtmos imparts adhesive properties to the consolidant but it is not known to what degree the b72 affects the reactions which mtmos must undergo to form a solid polymer network. Stone tools were discovered at olduvai gorge, tanzania that are believed to be 1. Apr 10, 2020 alkoxysilanes and the consolidation of stone. Materials free fulltext effectiveness and compatibility. This study was undertaken with the object of evaluating and developing techniques for using epoxy resins for the stabilization of stone objects. Sinceethyl silicate has been applied to the consolidation of adobe with satisfactory results. National center for preservation technology and training. The conservation of such historic and culturally significant stone artworks typically involves the in situ protection and or consolidation of damaged stones, commonly by applying organic polymers, alkoxysilanes, or inorganic materials, which bind loose grains and or fill cracks 2, 6.
Ethyl silicate teos is nowadays the most widely used consolidant for stone, due to its efficacy on silicate stones and also on limestones containing small amounts of quartz. Sep 20, 2019 stone consolidation deserves a great attention and the research of effective consolidating treatments for the different stone types and deterioration processes is a great challenge for the conservation science. Stone has been used by humans for millions of years as a material for toolmaking, architecture, sculpting and adornment. Alkoxysilanes and the consolidation of stone research in. Full text of alkoxysilanes consolidation of stone and. Full text of alkoxysilanes consolidation of stone and earthen building materials. The goal of silanization is to form bonds across the interface between mineral components and. Alkoxysilanebased formulations have since become the material of choice for the consolidation of stone outdoors. However, because of the very long time required for teos curing reactions to be completed, the final mechanical improvement caused by the treatment is reached only after several months and, during this period, the. Youtube, youtube channel, video marketing, youtuber, igtv, erika vieira, video.
Because of an increasingworldwideinterest in preserving historicstructures andan apparentacceleration inthe rate of stone decay. Examples of alkoxysilanes are polydimethylloxysiloxane often used in sol gels. Aug 17, 2017 stone damage at the cloister entrance of san jeronimo monastery. The examination indicated both new and historic stone were bath oolitic limestone composed of 100% calcite caco 3. A general name for chemically reactive silane compounds. The solgel process has been found to be successful in applications for the conservation and restoration of stone. Impact of relative humidity on modified alkoxysilane gels. Alkoxysilanes consolidation of stone and earthen building. Figure 4formation of siloxane crosslinks by condensation of silanols. Studies on polymeric conservation treatments of ceramic. May 08, 2020 alkoxysilanes and the consolidation of stone. Recent advance in alkoxysilanebased consolidants for stone. Detail of the stone blocks used for the bio consolidation treatments. Us10351479b2 maintenancefree stone tile, coating agent.
Alkoxysilanes and the consolidation of stone author. Hydroxylating conversion treatment and alkoxysilane coupling agent as pretreatment for the consolidation of limestones with ethyl silicate. Stone is one of the oldest building materials, and its conservation ranks as one of the most challenging in the field. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. A novel synthesis, in which a surfactant acts as a template to make the pore size of the gel network coarser and more uniform, is shown to provide an effective alternative for. Polyethylene glycol oligomers as siloxane modificators in. Figure 5formation of siloxane crosslinks by condensation of silanol and alkoxysilane.